The Sensing of Retinal Size1
نویسنده
چکیده
This study examines the interpretation that under reduced conditions of observationthe perceived size of an object is the result of a direct response to retinal size. In opposition to thisinterpre~tion is the size-distance invariance hypothesis stating that a perceived size results from aretinal size only when an appropriate perceived distance is also present. Four experiments wereconducted. The first two experiments indicate that in the absence of distance cues, perceived sizeis proportional to retinal size. The last two experiments suggest that this result is a consequenceof the tendency, under reduced conditions, to perceive the objects at a common (specific) distance.The results support the size-distance invariance hypothesis and are in opposition to the directperception of retinal size. The possible significance of the specific distance tendency is discussedfor binocular as well as monocular conditions of observation. Resume-On soumet a examen I’interpretation selon laquelle la dimension percue dun objetrtsulte dune reponse directe‘ a la dimension rttinienne, sous certaines conditions reduitesd’observation. Contrairement g cette interpretation, l’hypothese d-invariance de la taille avec ladistance suppose que la dimension percue ne r&rite; de la dimension retinienne que si uneperception approprike de la distance est Cgalement prtsente. On rialise quatre experiences, Lesdeux premieres indiyuent qu’en I’absence de don&es; sur la distance, la dimension percue estproportionnelle a la dimension retinienne. Les deux dernieres experiences suggerent que ceresultat est une consequence, sous conditions rtduites, de la tendance a percevoir les objets a unedistance constante (s~cifique). Ces resuhats conlirment l’hypothese d’invariance taille-distance etsont en opposition avec une perception directe de la dimension ritinienne. On discute lasignification possible de cette tendance a une distance specifique pour des conditions.d’observationbinoculaire ainsi que monoculaire. 1094WALTER C. GOGEL Zusammenfassmqp-ln dieser Untersuchung prtift man die Meinung, ob sich die Sehgrosse einesGegenstandes unter verminderten Beobachtungszusbedingungen direkt aus einer Antwort auf Netz-hautgrosse ergibt. Die Grbssendistanzhypothese steht im Widerspruch zu dieser Erkliirung undbesagt, dass sich die Sehgriisse nur in Gegenwart der entsprechenden Sehentfernung aus derNetzhautgrosse ergibt. Vier Versuche wurden untemommen. Die zwei ersten zeigen an. dass dieSehgr&se; zur Netzhautgriisse proportionell ist, falls es keine Entfemungsangaben gibit. Diezwei letzteren Versuche deuten aber an, dass sich dies aus der Tendenz Gegenstinde unterverminderten Beobachtungszustande an einer gemeinsamen (spezifischen) Entfemung inWahrzunnehmen ergibt. Die Ergebnisse stiitzen die Hypothese der Grossen-Distanz-Bestandigkeitund widersprechen einer direkten Netzhautwahmehmung. Die mogliche Bedeutung der zueiner spezifischen Entfernung fur sowohl beidlugige als such einlutige Beobachtungsbedingungenwird erorfert. Peaowe ~T~~AMCTOMnccneAommfsnocnyxm arTirTore3aonpanro# %BHCSiMOCTH BOCIIpHHHMaeMorOpa3haapa o6mrra O? pamiepa permanbFiorozf3o6~mKIIpH oprawy~o~~A~~~~~.3rottrwora3enpo~~onaarunoTlIUlOmy OKO~~oclaOm~~~Kpa3MepaK~O~,BCOOTBCTCTBE&iC;KOTOpoit BHAKMbI&p83hfCpSBHC3TOT;B pCTEHaJIb?EOrO #iti~HESZOJIbKO B TeX CnygalDzKorAa CooT=myloJmMsuimmimnH~oIIBlle.lIpo~te.-Awe 4 3xCt~qmeTrTa. lIaprrJe xna 0-a 11o~a3bmwr, 'IT0 B OTCYTCT3HC@kXOpOBBOCTQ-Y-OCTE*BP-Pa3MspY. ==J=@t=pa3Map nponopuHoH~B PclloI-oMyJtBtl 05ITa IIO3BoJISfiOTpaKT0DiN.b 3101 pe3yAbTaT KaK USA-CTBBCTCERCIXLBfBKUOCTlPHfRTlIOobberrom,(npHorpammta~ycnoBarnrHabn~~~)Ha OLPI~M A TOM xn3 onpenwrurao~ paaxoc.~onywiuude MynbTaTbx nonAepXHBalOT rEUOre3y EBBamo~omemin pamepa K pa~4xommio A IQOTSJ~UarrEtlOTU3eOllpIlh¶o#%ENCEMoCTRBocIIpBII1IuIpawepa OT PCTiiHaJIbAoro pamepa. ~KBo~MoxEO~~H~~~~~~~IC~ O~SAOrOpacCrOKHliKAJlKyCAOBld KBI MOHOXyJIfZp~, T8K HfktOKyJDYp-
منابع مشابه
Cell based therapies in retinal diseases
Background Degenerative retinal diseases, including age related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and hereditary retinal dystrophies are major causes of blindness. The principal defect in these diseases is cell loss which is amenable to both cell based neuroprotective and neuroregenerative therapies. To briefly review the lines of research and potential candidates for cell based therapies among ...
متن کاملUsing Temperature of IR Sources for Assessing Photochemical and Aphakic Retinal Hazard
Introduction Blue light is a part of the spectrum with the highest energy content, which can reach the retina. The damage that it can cause to the retina is called photochemical or blue-light retinal injury. For the retinal injury assessment of the photochemical and aphakic retinal hazards in the wavelength range of 300-700 nm, use of effective spectral radiance limits (W.m-2.sr-1) seems to be ...
متن کاملMesenchymal Stem Cells: Signaling Pathways in Transdifferentiation Into Retinal Progenitor Cells
Several signaling pathways and transcription factors control the cell fate in its in vitro development and differentiation. The orchestrated use of these factors results in cell specification. In coculture methods, many of these factors secrete from host cells but control the process. Today, transcription factors required for retinal progenitor cells are well known, but the generation of these ...
متن کاملMorphological changes in injured retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells after transplantation of stem cells into subretinal space
Introduction: Degenerative retinal diseases are main cause of irreversible blindness. Stem cells therapy is a promising way in these diseases. Therefore, mesenchymal stem cells because of its safety can produce degenerated cells and can play important role in treatment. The aim of this study was to examine morphological changes in injured retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptor cells...
متن کاملExtracting Vessel Centerlines From Retinal Images Using Topographical Properties and Directional Filters
In this paper we consider the problem of blood vessel segmentation in retinal images. After enhancing the retinal image we use green channel of images for segmentation as it provides better discrimination between vessels and background. We consider the negative of retinal green channel image as a topographical surface and extract ridge points on this surface. The points with this property are l...
متن کاملHistochemical study of retinal photoreceptors development during pre- and postnatal period and their association with retinal pigment epithelium
Objective(s):The aim of this study was to evaluate distribution and changes of glycoconjugates of retinal photoreceptors during both pre- and postnatal development. Materials and Methods: Tissue sections from days 15 to 20 of Wistar rat embryos and 1 to 12 postnatal days of rat newborns including developing eye were prepared for lectinhistochemistry technique. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-label...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1968